1 Samuel 30:22

Authorized King James Version

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Then answered all the wicked men and men of Belial, of those that went with David, and said, Because they went not with us, we will not give them ought of the spoil that we have recovered, save to every man his wife and his children, that they may lead them away, and depart.

Original Language Analysis

וַיַּ֜עַן Then answered H6030
וַיַּ֜עַן Then answered
Strong's: H6030
Word #: 1 of 31
properly, to eye or (generally) to heed, i.e., pay attention; by implication, to respond; by extension to begin to speak; specifically to sing, shout,
כָּל H3605
כָּל
Strong's: H3605
Word #: 2 of 31
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
אִ֤ישׁ men H376
אִ֤ישׁ men
Strong's: H376
Word #: 3 of 31
a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)
רָ֣ע all the wicked H7451
רָ֣ע all the wicked
Strong's: H7451
Word #: 4 of 31
bad or (as noun) evil (natural or moral)
וּבְלִיַּ֗עַל and men of Belial H1100
וּבְלִיַּ֗עַל and men of Belial
Strong's: H1100
Word #: 5 of 31
without profit, worthlessness; by extension, destruction, wickedness
מֵהָֽאֲנָשִׁים֮ of those H582
מֵהָֽאֲנָשִׁים֮ of those
Strong's: H582
Word #: 6 of 31
properly, a mortal (and thus differing from the more dignified h0120); hence, a man in general (singly or collectively)
אֲשֶׁ֣ר H834
אֲשֶׁ֣ר
Strong's: H834
Word #: 7 of 31
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
וְיֵלֵֽכוּ׃ Because they went H1980
וְיֵלֵֽכוּ׃ Because they went
Strong's: H1980
Word #: 8 of 31
to walk (in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively)
עִם H5973
עִם
Strong's: H5973
Word #: 9 of 31
adverb or preposition, with (i.e., in conjunction with), in varied applications; specifically, equally with; often with prepositional prefix (and then
דָּוִד֒ with David H1732
דָּוִד֒ with David
Strong's: H1732
Word #: 10 of 31
david, the youngest son of jesse
וַיֹּֽאמְר֗וּ and said H559
וַיֹּֽאמְר֗וּ and said
Strong's: H559
Word #: 11 of 31
to say (used with great latitude)
יַ֚עַן H3282
יַ֚עַן
Strong's: H3282
Word #: 12 of 31
properly, heed; by implication, purpose (sake or account); used adverbially to indicate the reason or cause
אֲשֶׁ֣ר H834
אֲשֶׁ֣ר
Strong's: H834
Word #: 13 of 31
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
לֹֽא H3808
לֹֽא
Strong's: H3808
Word #: 14 of 31
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
וְיֵלֵֽכוּ׃ Because they went H1980
וְיֵלֵֽכוּ׃ Because they went
Strong's: H1980
Word #: 15 of 31
to walk (in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively)
עִמִּ֔י H5973
עִמִּ֔י
Strong's: H5973
Word #: 16 of 31
adverb or preposition, with (i.e., in conjunction with), in varied applications; specifically, equally with; often with prepositional prefix (and then
לֹֽא H3808
לֹֽא
Strong's: H3808
Word #: 17 of 31
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
נִתֵּ֣ן not with us we will not give H5414
נִתֵּ֣ן not with us we will not give
Strong's: H5414
Word #: 18 of 31
to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.)
לָהֶ֔ם H0
לָהֶ֔ם
Strong's: H0
Word #: 19 of 31
מֵֽהַשָּׁלָ֖ל them ought of the spoil H7998
מֵֽהַשָּׁלָ֖ל them ought of the spoil
Strong's: H7998
Word #: 20 of 31
booty
אֲשֶׁ֣ר H834
אֲשֶׁ֣ר
Strong's: H834
Word #: 21 of 31
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
הִצַּ֑לְנוּ that we have recovered H5337
הִצַּ֑לְנוּ that we have recovered
Strong's: H5337
Word #: 22 of 31
to snatch away, whether in a good or a bad sense
כִּֽי H3588
כִּֽי
Strong's: H3588
Word #: 23 of 31
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
אִם H518
אִם
Strong's: H518
Word #: 24 of 31
used very widely as demonstrative, lo!; interrogative, whether?; or conditional, if, although; also oh that!, when; hence, as a negative, not
אִ֤ישׁ men H376
אִ֤ישׁ men
Strong's: H376
Word #: 25 of 31
a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 26 of 31
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
אִשְׁתּוֹ֙ his wife H802
אִשְׁתּוֹ֙ his wife
Strong's: H802
Word #: 27 of 31
a woman
וְאֶת H853
וְאֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 28 of 31
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
בָּנָ֔יו and his children H1121
בָּנָ֔יו and his children
Strong's: H1121
Word #: 29 of 31
a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or
וְיִנְהֲג֖וּ that they may lead them away H5090
וְיִנְהֲג֖וּ that they may lead them away
Strong's: H5090
Word #: 30 of 31
to drive forth (a person, an animal or chariot), also (from the panting induced by effort), to sigh
וְיֵלֵֽכוּ׃ Because they went H1980
וְיֵלֵֽכוּ׃ Because they went
Strong's: H1980
Word #: 31 of 31
to walk (in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively)

Analysis & Commentary

The 'wicked men and men of Belial' (Hebrew: 'ish-ra' uveli-ya'al') among David's forces reveal the moral diversity within his band. Their refusal to share spoil with those who stayed behind reflects a meritocratic principle: only those who fought deserve reward. The grudging allowance that each man may take 'his wife and his children' without additional spoil treats the exhausted men as charity cases. This attitude contradicts the unity David's leadership requires.

Historical Context

The designation 'sons of Belial' (literally 'worthlessness') appears throughout Scripture for those who reject proper moral standards. These troublemakers existed even among David's followers, requiring his corrective leadership.

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